Description of life stages of dung beetle Scaptodera rhadamistus (Fabricius, 1775) (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae) with notes on nesting and biology

Description of life stages of dung beetle Scaptodera rhadamistus (Fabricius, 1775) (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae) with notes on nesting and biology

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Immature stages of Scaptodera rhadamistus (Fabricius) are described for the first time along with notes on nidification and biology.The larvae essie cause and reflect differ from other Scarabaeinae species in the structure of raster on tenth sternum with two irregular bunches of serrations ventrally one on either half.Pupae with pronotum transverse having rounded margins resemble adults, and consist of four prowler 3410 lateral, single caudal and single pteronotal support projection.Adult males and females differ in coloration, structure of pronotum, presence of spine like process on mesosternum and, in the structure of male and female genitalia.